文档说明(document instruction)

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系统环境说明(system environment instruction)

• 编译主机CPU架构：64位
  

CUP architeture of host used for compilation：64bit

• 编译主机系统：Linux
  

CUP architeture of host used for compilation：64bit

• Linux发行版：Ubuntu
  

Linux release verson:Ubuntu

• Ubuntu版本类型：服务器版
  

Ubuntu version type: saver veresion

• Ubuntu版本号：12.04.5
  

Ubuntu version no.:12.04.5

• Ubuntu系统类型：x86-64
  

Ubuntu system type:x86-64
　　注意：开发主机请使用ubuntu 12.04.5 x86-64（桌面版或服务器版均可），使用其他发行版的Linux或Ubuntu的其它版本可能会遇到的不必要的问题。
Note: The development host should use ubuntu 12.04.5 x86-64（desktop and server version are available），Using other distribution of Linux and other versions of Ubuntu may encounter unnecessary problems

操作说明 (operation instruction)

1）文档中以“$”开头的行，其后是Linux命令。
The line in the document which begins with “$”,which is followed by the Linux command.
2）文档中所有的Linux命令建议手动输入到Linux主机执行（直接复制、粘贴到Linux主机上执行，可能会执行失败）。
All the Linux commands in the document are recommended to be entered into the host manually for execution.（Copying ,pasting to the host directly to execute may fail）
3）文档中的Linux执行命令，如果空格后的下一个字符是“-”的（如：sudo apt-get –y install之类的），请手动输入到Linux主机执行（直接复制、粘贴到Linux主机上执行，通常会执行失败）。
In all the Linux execution commands of the document，if the next character after the space is "-",（example：sudo apt-get –y install），please enter into Linux host to execute manually.（Copying ,pasting to the host directly to execute may fail )
4）文档中所有一行没写完的Linux命令请手动输入到Linux主机执行，（因为复制、粘贴命令不能包含类似“换行符”之类的特殊字符）。
any line of Linux commands whichi is not finished is recommended to be entered into the host for execution. (Because copy or paste commands cannot contain special character such as "line breaks"）
5）按文档输入并执行Linux命令时注意观察命令的执行结果与文档图片中的是否一致，以确认命令是否输入有误及是否执行失败。
Note whether the execution result is consistent with the document image when you enter and execute the command. check the command was entered incorrectly or failed to execute.
6）第一遍编译请严格按照文档进行，否则可能出现莫名其妙的错误。
Please follow the document strictly to compile for the first time.Otherwise ,there may be unexpected error

截图说明(screenshots instruction)

为使视图看起来简洁整齐，截图中的命令提示符统一使用myzr$。
To make the view look neat and tidy , the command prompt in the screenshot should use myzr$ uniformly

图片中的Linux命令(Linux command in the image)

在文档的图片中观察“linyn@u12045-serv:~$”开头的行可以直观的看到输入的linux命令。
In the image of the document, you can see the input Linux command visually from the lines that start with “linyn@u12045-serv:~$”。

准备源码及相关文件(prepare source code and relevant files)

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源码文件(source code)

评估板对应的Linux版本及对应的源码文件见下表：
The corresponding Linux version of the evaluation board and the corresponding source code files are shown in the table below：

评估板型号 (evaluation board model)	支持的系统版本 (system version supported)	u-boot源码文件 (source code)	linux源码文件 (source code)
MY-IMX28-EVK	Linux-2.6.35	u-boot-2009.08.tar.bz2 imx-bootlets-src-10.12.01.tar.bz2	linux-2.6.35.3.tar.bz2

交叉编译工具文件(cross compilation tool file)

Linux程序交叉编译工具：gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0.tar.bz2
Linux program cross compilation tool:gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0.tar.bz2
Linux交叉编译工具配置文件：gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env
Linux cross compilation tool configuration file:gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env

创建工作目录(creat working directory)

1）源码目录
source code directory
$ mkdir -p ~/my-imx28/02_source

2）工具目录
tool directory
$ mkdir -p ~/my-imx28/03_tools

3）镜像目录
image directory
$ mkdir -p ~/my-imx28/04_image

4）应用程序目录
application directory
$ mkdir -p ~/my-imx28/01_application

准备开发环境(prepare development environment)

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更新主机的源列表(update source list of host)

$ sudo apt-get update

更新完成后如下图所示：
it looks like below after the update

安装aptitude包管理工具和ia32-libs(install management tool of aptitude package and ia32-libs)

提示：如果编译主机的Linux是32位的，可以跳过此步骤。
tips: if Linux of compilation host is 32bit,then you can skip this step

安装aptitude包管理工具(install management tool of aptitude package)

$ sudo apt-get -y install aptitude

提示：上图为安装过aptitude后，再次执行安装命令的截图。
tips: the above image is the screenshots after re-execution of installation command when intallation of aptitude was completed

使用aptitude安装ia32-libs(install ia32-libs with aptitude)

$ sudo aptitude -y install ia32-libs

提示：上图为安装过aptitude和ia32-libs后，再次执行安装命令的截图。
tips: the above image is the screenshots after re-execution of installation command when intallation of aptitude and ia32-libs was completed

安装mkimage工具(install mkimage tool)

$ sudo apt-get -y install uboot-mkimage
提示：下图为安装过mkimage工具后，再次执行安装命令的截图。
tips: the following image is the screenshots after re-execution of installation command when intallation of mkimage was completed

安装ncurses-dev(install ncurses-dev)

make menuconfig对其具有依赖性质
make menuconfig is dependant to it
$ sudo aptitude -y install ncurses-dev

提示：上图为安装过ncurses-dev工具后，再次执行安装命令的截图。
tips: the above image is the screenshots after re-execution of installation command when intallation of ncurses-dev was completed

安装配置交叉编译工具链(install and configure cross compiler tool chain)

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安装Linux交叉编译工具链(install cross compilation tool chain)

1）进入交叉编译工具链目录
enter cross compilation tool chain diretory
$ cd ~/my-imx28/03_tools/
2）复制Linux交叉编译工具到目录
copy Linux cross compilation tool to directory
将gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0.tar.bz2复制到“~/my-imx28/03_tools”，这一步自己采取相应的方式完成。
copy gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0.tar.bz2 to“~/my-imx28/03_tools”,this step should be done in your own way
3）解压Linux交叉编译工具
decompress Linux cross compilation tool
$ tar jxf gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0.tar.bz2

4）复制交叉编译工具配置文件
copy congigured file of cross compilation tool
将gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env复制到“~/my-imx28/03_tools”，这一步自己采取相应的方式完成。
copy gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env to“~/my-imx28/03_tools”,this step should be done in your own way
5）检查安装
check installation
$ source gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env
$ ${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc –v

U-Boot编译(U-Boot compilation)

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准备编译(prepare compilation)

复制源码包到开发主机中(copy source code package to development host)

将下载的“u-boot源码”复制到Linux开发主机的“~/my-imx28/02_source”。
copy“u-boot source code”downloaded to “~/my-imx28/02_source”of Linux development host
这一步自己采取相应的方式完成。
this step should be done in your own way

解压u-boot源码包(decompress u-boot source code)

$ cd ~/my-imx28/02_source/
$ tar jxf u-boot-2009.08.tar.bz2
$ tar jxf imx-bootlets-src-10.12.01.tar.bz2

编译(compile)

使编译配置文件生效(validate configured file of compilation)

$ source ~/my-imx28/03_tools/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env

进入u-boot源码目录(enter u-boot source code directory)

$ cd ~/my-imx28/02_source/u-boot-2009.08

清除u-boot临时文件(remove u-boot temporary file)

$ make distclean

配置u-boot(configure)

评估板主型号 (evaluation board main model)	CPU类型-内存容量 (CPU type--momery capacity)	对应的u-boot配置 (corresponding configuration of u-boot)
MY-IMX28-EVK	MX283/7, 128M	mx28_evk_config

• MY-IMX28-EVK配置示例：
  

example for configuration of MY-IMX28-EVK
$ make mx28_evk_config

执行编译(execute compilation)

$ make
提示：这里为了提高编译速度，在make后面加了“-j4”。这里编译的Linux主机是双核4线程的，所以“-j”后面用了4，也就是采用4线程编译。“-j”后面的数字可以根据系统资源分配，但是不应该超过编译主机最大支持的线程数。
Tips：To speed up the compilation，add "-j4" after make.The Linux host used to compile is dual-core ,4 threads .So "-j" is followed by 4, which takes 4 threads to compile. The number behind "-j" is allocated based on system resources,but It should not exceed the maximum threads the host support.

• 编译imx28_ivt_uboot.sb
  

compile imx28_ivt_uboot.sb
提示：imx28_ivt_uboot.sb是烧写的镜像。
tips: imx28_ivt_uboot.sb is the image programmed
$ cp u-boot ../imx-bootlets-src-10.12.01
$ cd ../imx-bootlets-src-10.12.01/
$ sudo cp elftosb /usr/bin/
$ ./build

目标文件(target file)

• 编译文件
  

compile file
编译完成后通过ls命令即可看到编译得到的文件imx28_ivt_uboot.sb
you can get the compiled file imx28_ivt_uboot.sb with ls command after compilation.
$ ls

• 目标文件
  

target file
MY-IMX28系列评估板的u-boot配置对应的目标文件名见下表：
The corresponding name of target file for u-boot configuration of MY-IMX28 series evaluation board is shown in the table below：

u-boot配置 (u-boot configuration)	目标文件 (target file)
mx28_evk_config	imx28_ivt_uboot.sb

编译内核(compile kernel)

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准备编译(prepare compilation)

复制源码包到开发主机中(copy source code package to the development host)

将下载的“linux源码”复制到Linux开发主机的“~/my-imx28/02_source”。
copy“linux source code” to “~/my-imx28/02_source”of Linux development host
这一步自己采取相应的方式完成。
this step should be done in your own way

解压linux源码包(decompress Linux source code package)

$ cd ~/my-imx28/02_source/
$ tar jxf linux-2.6.35.3.tar.bz2

内核编译配置(configuration of kernel compilation)

使编译配置文件生效(validate configured file of compilation)

$ source ~/my-imx28/03_tools/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env

清除内核临时文件(remove kernel temporary file)

• 进入linux源码目录
  

enter Linux source code directory
$ cd ~/my-imx28/02_source/linux-2.6.35.3

• 清除临时文件
  

remove temporary file
$ make distclean

内核配置(kernel configuration)

$ cp .mx28_config .config

编译内核(compile kernel)

• 执行编译
  

execute compilation
$ make zImage -j4

• 编译完成
  

complete compilation

• 目标文件
  

target file
arch/arm/boot/uImage即为编译得到的内核文件，使用ls命令可查看文件信息。
arch/arm/boot/uImage is the kernel file compiled，you can check the file information with ls command
$ ls arch/arm/boot/uImage -la

编译模块 (compile module)

• 编译模块命令
  

command of module compilation
$ make modules

• 安装模块到指定目录
  

install module to specified directory
$ make modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=./modules

• 打包模块文件
  

package module file
$ cd modules
$ tar cjf ../modules.tar.bz2 *

应用程序编译(compile application)

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Linux应用程序编译(compilation of Linux application)

编写应用程序 (write application)

• 进入工作目录
  

enter working directory
$ cd ~/my-imx28/01_application/

• 编写源代码
  

write source code
$ vim hello.c
写入以下代码并保存
write and save the following code

1. include <stdio.h>
   

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
　　printf("Hello, MYZR!\n");
　　return;
}

• 查看代码
  

view code
$ cat hello.c

编译应用程序 (compile application)

• 配置环境变量
  

configure environment variables
$ source ~/my-imx28/03_tools/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-env

• 编译
  

compile
$ ${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc hello.c -o hello.out

注意：上面的命令有包含“$”号，即“${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc”，是引用我们source时产生的环境变量。
Note:The above command contains “$”,which is “${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc”. It is the environment variable generated when referring to our source.

• 目标文件
  

target file
$ file hello.out

可以看到目标文件 hello.out 的属性。
you can see the property of target file hello.out

文件系统(file system)

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文件系统rootfs.tar.bz2(file system rootfs.tar.bz2)

用以下的方式增加自己的应用：（把MY-IMX28_Born_Tool\Profiles\MX28 Linux Update\OS Firmware\files\image-linux-2635/rootfs.tar.bz2复制到“~/my-imx28/04_image/”目录下）。
add your own application in following ways:（ copy MY-IMX28_Born_Tool\Profiles\MX28 Linux Update\OS Firmware\files\image-linux-2635/rootfs.tar.bz2 to the directory of “~/my-imx28/04_image/”）

文件系统rootfs.ubifs(file system rootfs.ubifs)

复制mkfs.ubifs，ubinize到电脑的“/usr/bin”目录下（如果电脑有这两个应用就不需要复制了）；复制build_rootfs和ubinize.cfg到“~/my-imx28/04_image/”目录。
copy mkfs.ubifs，ubinize to“/usr/bin”directory of computer（copy is not needed if the computer has these two applications）；copy build_rootfs和ubinize.cfg to“~/my-imx28/04_image/”directory

烧写方式(way of programming)

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至此，我们在“~/my-imx28/02_source/”得到了除文件系统以外的一套烧录文件。包括“imx28_ivt_uboot.sb”、“uImage”、“rootfs.tar.bz2”。
so far，we get a set of programming files except file system from“~/my-imx28/02_source/”,including“imx28_ivt_uboot.sb”、“uImage”、“rootfs.tar.bz2”

使用MFGTOOL烧写(program with MFGTOOL)

把文件“imx28_ivt_uboot.sb”、“uImage”、“rootfs.tar.bz2复制到“MY-IMX28_Born_Tool\Profiles\MX28 Linux Update\OS Firmware\files\image-linux-2635”目录下。按住REC按键，插上MINI USB线和电源线，接着打开MfgTool.exe,点击“扫描设备”，检测到HID设备时，松开REC按键,如下所示：
copy “imx28_ivt_uboot.sb”、“uImage”、“rootfs.tar.bz2 to the directory of “MY-IMX28_Born_Tool\Profiles\MX28 Linux Update\OS Firmware\files\image-linux-2635”。hold REC key,plug in MINI USB line and power line,then open MfgTool.exe,click"scan device",release REC key when HID device is detected,as below:


点击菜单的“Options”，然后在选项“Profiles”选择“MY-IMX28-2.6.35 NAND with uboot”，接着点击“确定”，最后点击“开始”。
click"Options" in the menu,select “MY-IMX28-2.6.35 NAND with uboot”in the option “Profiles”,then click"Enter",finally click"start"

烧写成功后，点击“停止”就OK了。
when programming is succeeded,click"stop",to finish
注意：如果你用的文件系统是rootfs-qt.tar.bz2，请选择“QT-MY-IMX28-2.6.35 NAND with uboot”烧写镜像。
note: if the file system you are using is rootfs-qt.tar.bz2,please choose “QT-MY-IMX28-2.6.35 NAND with uboot”as programming image

使用网络烧写(program via network)

搭建TFTP (ubuntu系统)(establish TFTP (ubuntu system))

(1) Setup tftp server files （下载并安装tftp）
Setup tftp server files （download and isntall tftp）
　　$ sudo apt-get install tftpd tftp openbsd-inetd
(2) make a tftp directory (新建tftp目录和改变其属性)
make a tftp directory (establish tftp diretory and change its property
Here we make /home/myzr/tftpt be a tftp directory.
　　$ mkdir /home/myzr/tftp
　　$ chmod 777 /home/myzr/tftp
(3) Open /etc/inetd.conf and edit it (修改配置文件的tftp目录)
Open /etc/inetd.conf and edit it (modify tftp directory of congigured file)
　　$ sudo gedit /etc/inetd.conf
Coment this line :

1. tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /srv/tftp
   

Add new line:
tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /home/myzr/tftp
(4)Restarting tftp service （重启tftp）
Restarting tftp service (reboot tftp)
　　$ sudo /etc/init.d/openbsd-inetd restart

搭建NFS (网络烧写不需要用到nfs)( establish NFS (nfs is not needed for network programming))

(1) Install NFS server package （下载并安装nfs）
Install NFS server package (download and isntall nfs)
　　$ sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
(2) Create NFS directory:/home/myzr/nfsroot (新建nfs目录)
Create NFS directory:/home/myzr/nfsroot (establish nfs directory)
　　$ mkdir /home/myzr/nfsroot
(3) Configure mounted directory and authority （修改配置文件的nfs目录）
Configure mounted directory and authority (modify nfs directory of configured file)
　　$ sudo gedit /etc/exports
Add the following line at the end of the file:
/home/myzr/nfsroot *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
(4) Restart the NFS service （重启nfs）
Restart the NFS service (reboot nfs)
　　$ sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart
　　$ sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

tftp下载(download of tftp)

(1) 把“uImage”和“rootfs.ubifs”复制到“/home/myzr/tftp”目录下。
copy“uImage” and “rootfs.ubifs”to“/home/myzr/tftp”directory
(2) 设置环境变量(板子和电脑网线直连)
set environment variables(directly connect the board and computer)
　　$ setenv ipaddr 192.168.3.104 （板子IP）

　　$ setenv serverip 192.168.3.110 （电脑IP）

(3) 烧写
programme
　　$ run upkernel (烧写uImage)
$ run upkernel (programme uImage)

　　

　　$ run upsystem (烧写文件系统)
$ run upsystem (programme file system)

　　

登录方式(login way)

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串口登录(login via serial port)

插上USB转串口线和电源，开机后，差不多12秒后，在终端上敲回车键可以进入系统。
plug in USB to serial port line and power supply,in about 12 seconds after machine starting,click Enter key to enter system

　　

ssh登录(login via ssh)

以太网登录(login via ethernet)

插上网线和电源，开机后，差不多10秒后，可以软件SecureCRT登录，板子默认以太网的IP为192.168.3.104，你可以设置电脑的IP为192.168.3.110，然后配置SecureCRT，输入用户名是root，密码myzr。如下图：
plug in lan line and power supply, in about 10 seconds after machine starting,login via software SecureCRT,defaulted IP of ethernet by board is 192.168.3.104,you can set IP of computer as 192.168.3.110,then configure SecureCRT,enter root as user name and myzr as password, as blow:

输入完后，点击”OK“就登录完成。
after entering, click"OK" to complete login

USB登录（USB可识别成网口）(login via USB(USB can be identified as network port))

插上MINI USB线，开机后，差不多10秒后，可以软件SecureCRT登录。
plug in MINI USB line,in about 10 seconds after machine starting,login through software SecureCRT
加载驱动和设置IP，如下：
add driving and set IP, as below:

　　

板子USB的IP为192.168.4.104，你可以设置电脑的IP为192.168.4.110，然后配置SecureCRT，输入用户名是root，密码myzr。如下图：
IP of USB of the board is 192.168.4.104，you can set IP of computer as 192.168.4.110，then configure SecureCRT，enter root as user name and myzr as password。as below：
输入完后，点击”OK“就登录完成。
after entering, click"OK" to complete login

测试(test)

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USB测试(USB test)

直接插上U盘，挂载后可看到U盘的内容。（不是QT系统，会自动挂载）
directly insert U disk,you can see the content of U disk after mounting,(if it is not QT system,mounting will be automatic)

　　

SD卡测试(SD card test)

直接插上SD卡，挂载后可看到SD卡的内容。（不是QT系统，会自动挂载）
directly insert SD card,you can see the content of U SD card after mounting,(if it is not QT system,mounting will be automatic)

　　

以太网测试(ethernet test)

插上网线，直接用ping命令测试eth0和eth1网口。默认eth0的IP为192.168.3.104，我设置eth1为192.168.3.105。如下：
insert lan line, test eth0 and eth1 with ping command directory,defaulted IP of eth0 is 192.168.3.104，let's set IP of eth1 as 192.168.3.105,as below:

　　

uart串口测试( test of uart serial port)

串口uat0的设备ttySP0,串口uat3的设备ttySP3。测试时，请短接发管脚。
device of serial port uat0 is ttySP0, device of serial port uat3 is ttySP3,please short connect pins in the test

　　


　　

gpio测试(gpio test)

GPIO_2_26已经在驱动配置为GPIO功能了，下面以管脚GPIO_2_26为例，计算GPIO_2_26的管脚号为2*32+26=90,测试如下：
GPIO_2_26 is already configured as GPIO function in driving,below is taking GPIO_2_26 as an example to figure out the pin no. of GPIO_2_26 is 2*32+26=90,test as below:

　　

spi测试(spi test)

SPI接口为半双工模式，这里你只测发，通过示波器可观察到波形。方法一只发送0x55和0x75；方法二是发送字符串”myzr“。
SPI interface is half duplex mode,here you only test sending,you can view the wave shape through oscilloscope,one way is to send 0x55 and 0x75,another way is to send charater string ”myzr“

　　

watdog测试(watdog test)

“看门狗”，全称Watchdog timer，是一个在软件出错的时候可以复位计算机系统的硬件定时器。通常一个用户空间守护进程会在正常的时间间隔内通过/dev/watchdog 特殊设备文件来通知内核的Watchdog驱动，用户空间一切正常。如果用户空间出现问题（如RAM 错误，内核BUG 等），则通知将会停止，然后硬件Watchdog 将在超时后复位系统。
"watchdog",the full name is Watchdog timer,is a hardware timer which can reset system of computer when there is an error in software.ususally in a normal time interval during a guading process of a user space,booting of Watchdog will be noticed to kernel through sepcial device file of /dev/watchdog,then everything in the user space is normal.

测试程序中打开/dev/watchdog 设备文件，启动了Watchdog，每过一秒钟喂狗一次，系统不会重启。
open device file of /dev/watchdog in the test programme,start Watchdog,feed dog once a second,system won't reboot

　　

测试程序中打开了/dev/watchdog 设备文件，启动Watchdog，程序进入循环状态，由于没有喂狗，30 秒后系统复位。
open device file of /dev/watchdog in the test programme,programme come into the cyccling condition,since there is not dog feeding,system will be resetted after 30 seconds

　　

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